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中譯英筆譯十個(gè)微技巧
在進(jìn)行英語(yǔ)翻譯的過程中，對(duì)于英語(yǔ)以及其它語(yǔ)言的歷史文化背景要有全面的了解，對(duì)同一時(shí)期下不同閱讀人群的讀寫習(xí)慣也要有一定的了解。
一、 句子成分問題
1. 中文句子無主語(yǔ)：
【對(duì)策】被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、祈使句(+and)、固定句型(It/There);添加泛稱代詞做主語(yǔ)
應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)年輕人按照自己的特長(zhǎng)選擇職業(yè)。(encourage)
Students should be encouragedto choose their careersaccording to their strong points.(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
2. 中文是動(dòng)詞或形容詞，在英文中是名詞位置
【對(duì)策】動(dòng)名詞/不定式;改換詞性(相應(yīng)名詞);名詞從句;it形式主語(yǔ)句型
早睡早起有益于健康。 (do goodto)
Going to bed and getting up early does good tohealth. (動(dòng)名詞)
她經(jīng)常缺席會(huì)議讓她的經(jīng)理很不高興。(annoy)
Her frequent absence from the meetingannoyed his manager. (名詞)或
That she was often absent form the meetingannoyed his manager.(名詞從句)
你認(rèn)為參加這類講座是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間嗎?(waste)
Do youthink it a waste of time attending such lectures?(it特殊句型)
由于天氣惡劣，航班延誤了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)。(owing)
Owing to thebad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.(名詞)
缺乏工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)讓他失去了這次進(jìn)入外企的機(jī)會(huì)。(cost)
Lack of working experience cost him the chance toenter a foreign enterprise. (名詞)
3. 中文句子無謂語(yǔ)：
【對(duì)策】添加謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(如系動(dòng)詞+介詞短語(yǔ)/形容詞)
我不需要買新車, 我的那輛舊車還很好。(condition)
I don’t need to buy a new car because my oldcar is still in goodcondition. (添加系動(dòng)詞is)
二、 主賓位置問題
4. 容易誤用的及物動(dòng)詞：exist，happen，occur，take place, result(from)，belong to，go wrong,lie in
【對(duì)策】英語(yǔ)句子主賓和中文主賓相反
這臺(tái)機(jī)器出故障了。(wrong)
Something has gone wrong withthis machine. (添加主語(yǔ)something)或
There is something wrong with thismachine. (使用there句型)
你的觀點(diǎn)存在很多問題。(exist)
Many problems still exist in youropinion. (中文主語(yǔ)是“觀點(diǎn)”，英文為“問題”)
5. 為所形容詞(為……所……to)：familiar;peculiar;accessible;available;well-known; exposed; ：
【對(duì)策】英語(yǔ)句子主賓和中文主賓相反(正確使用短語(yǔ)和介詞)
這臺(tái)機(jī)器有些功能我不太熟悉。(familiar to)
Some of the machine’s functions are not familiar to me.
6. 容易忽視的使役動(dòng)詞：qualify，dissatisfy;consume;cost：
【對(duì)策】用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，或“動(dòng)詞+oneself+介詞/不定式等”;(注意這類動(dòng)詞中的“使給將把讓令”)
數(shù)百人在這次地震中喪生。(consume)
Hundreds of people were consumed in this earthquake.
三、 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)問題
7. 逗號(hào)的處理：
【對(duì)策】從屬(譯成從句)、并列(加連詞)、逗號(hào)后譯成分詞詞組
導(dǎo)演得知自己的影片獲獎(jiǎng)，感到無比自豪。(award)
When the director knew thathis movie had won an award, he felt very proud of himself. (其中一個(gè)單句添加連詞，變成狀語(yǔ)從句)
醫(yī)生挨家挨戶上門巡訪，省去了許多老年人去醫(yī)院的麻煩。(save)
Doctors’ door-to-door visits save many old people’strouble of going to hospital.或
Doctors visit the old people from door to door,which save their trouble of goingto hospital.
Doctors visit the old people from door to door,saving their trouble of goingto hospital.
8. 冒號(hào)、引號(hào)、破折號(hào)
【對(duì)策】間接引語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)從句、用引號(hào)
他們應(yīng)從這件事中吸取教訓(xùn)：玩火者必自焚。(burn)
They should learn a lesson from this accident that one who plays with firewill surely burn himself.(使用同位語(yǔ)從句)
四、 語(yǔ)言單位問題
9. 詞組層面的靈活處理：名詞修飾語(yǔ)過多
【對(duì)策】譯作介詞詞組、分詞詞組;修飾語(yǔ)前后分布
這家超市貨物齊全，滿足了各種年齡顧客不同層次的需求。(meet)
This supermarket has awide range of goods in stock, which meets thedifferent levels of needsof the customers of all ages.
出于安全考慮，當(dāng)?shù)卣芙^了那些難民永久居留權(quán)的申請(qǐng)。(reject)
Out of theconsideration of security, the local government rejected the refugees’ applicationfor permanent residence. (前后各有一部分修飾語(yǔ))
10. 特定的句型：(It—before，since，that，take等)
【對(duì)策】注意中文中的“才”“就”“正是……”“自從”“很久沒有……了”等。
這個(gè)大橋何時(shí)通車仍未可知。(accessible/open/cross)
It still remains unknown when the bridge will be open to the traffic.
五、 中譯英結(jié)構(gòu)常用三法
1. 加法：添加泛稱主語(yǔ)、添加系動(dòng)詞等
雖然并不富裕，但是他對(duì)自己的生活相當(dāng)滿意。(Although)
Although he is not rich, he is quite satisfied with his ownlife.
2. 減法：有些中文里的詞組，英語(yǔ)中有對(duì)應(yīng)的單詞
為了保護(hù)園內(nèi)生態(tài)，這個(gè)植物園每次最多只能進(jìn)去200名游客。(admit)
To preserve the ecologyin the botanical garden, it only admits200 tourists at a time.
3. 轉(zhuǎn)換：例如主賓顛倒
我一時(shí)想不起來他的名字了。(escape)
His name escaped my mind forthe moment.
六、 最頑固的幾種錯(cuò)誤
4. 前后名詞、代詞指代的單復(fù)數(shù)不一致
上周因?yàn)樯∥胰绷艘恍┱n，但是我會(huì)努力趕上大家的。(miss)
Because of illness last week, I missed some lessons, but I will try to catch up with others.
這個(gè)游戲的規(guī)則太復(fù)雜，三言兩語(yǔ)解釋不清。(too…to)
The rules of the game are too complicated to be explained in a few words.
無論風(fēng)多大、雨多急，警察一直堅(jiān)守在崗位上。(no matter …)
Nomatter how hard the rain falls and thewind blows, the police keep to their posts.
各式陽(yáng)傘給夏日街頭平添了活躍的氣氛。(add to)
Colorful umbrellas add toa lively atmosphere in the summer streets.
5. 逗號(hào)后的句子不使用相應(yīng)連接詞
不要擔(dān)心你上大學(xué)的費(fèi)用，我們會(huì)鼎力相助。(expense)
Don’t worry about your university expenses, for we will try our best to help you.
6. 含有主從句的復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)中忽視主謂一致法則
許多外國(guó)游客都想去長(zhǎng)城一游，他們知道“不到長(zhǎng)城非好漢”。(visit)
Many foreign tourists want to pay a visit to the Great Wall becausethey know that “one who has neverbeen to the Great Wall is not a trueman.”
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