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　　1、

　　The skies of North America today provide the backdrop for celebrating a century of conservation of one group of Earth's most treasured animals: migratory birds.

　　On August 16, 1916, the United States and Great Britain (on behalf of Canada) signed the first Migratory Bird Treaty (known in Canada as a Convention) to protect these shared natural resources.The treaty was the first international agreement forged to protect wild birds and among the first to protect any wildlife species.

　　The Migratory Bird Treaty is the foundation for significant achievements in bird conservation that followed, with both nations enacting statutes to implement its provisions. In 1917, the Canadian Parliament passed the Migratory Bird Convention Act. In 1918, the U.S. Congress followed suit, passing the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. In subsequent years, the United States signed similar treaties with Mexico (1936), Japan (1972), and Russia (1976).

　　Migrating cranes

　　“Our two countries' conservation efforts have yielded real results, especially for waterfowl populations. I am proud of the work we have done, but as the recent release of The State of North America's Birds report has shown, we have a challenging road ahead,” said Catherine McKenna, Minister of Environment and Climate Change Canada. “I know we are up to the task, and I look forward to building on our successes, together, to recover other migratory bird species.”

　　“It's hard to imagine the North American continent without egrets, ducks, hawks or songbirds, but at the turn of the 20th century, that's the way things were looking,” said Dan Ashe, Director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, which has responsibility for conserving and managing migratory birds and their habitats across the United States.

　　“This treaty marked a turning point in the fate of our shared bird life, and it continues to this day to unite efforts in the United States and Canada to protect our shared birds across our international boundaries.”

　　2、

　　The terrorist group Boko Haram has exacted a heavy toll on the people of Nigeria. The group has killed more than 20,000 people, displaced more than 2 million, and plunged some 7 million Nigerians into hunger and desperate need. In the past two years Boko Haram has used more than 100 women and girls to carry out attacks.

　　Speaking in Nigeria, U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry said, “No one anywhere. . .should have to live among this evil. . . .But it isn't going to disappear on its own.” In recent months, there has been progress on the battlefield against Boko Haram. Over the last six months, the Nigerian army has rescued thousands of civilian hostages and hundreds of Boko Haram fighters have surrendered to the Nigerian army.

　　But beating Boko Haram on the battlefield is only the beginning of what needs to be done, said Secretary Kerry. To effectively counter violent extremism, military action needs to be coupled with a commitment to values like good governance, education, security, and respect for human rights.

　　FILE PHOTO - Nigerian soldiers hold up a Boko Haram flag that they had seized in the recently retaken town of Damasak, Nigeria.

　　The fight against corruption has to be a priority of the first order, said Secretary Kerry. There is nothing more demoralizing to citizens than the belief that the system is rigged against them. The most basic duty the government has is to meet the needs of its people and to be accountable.

　　Governments must also provide opportunity for all, giving women and girls an equal chance to compete in the classroom and in the workplace.

　　Finally, the government needs to promote compassion and understanding for fellow citizens. Breaking the terrorist cycle of violence requires treating those who escape or defect from Boko Haram, and particularly those who were abducted against their will, with sensitivity as they try to return to their old communities. Welcoming these individuals – especially women and girls – back into society without the threat of violence or discrimination – and ensuring that the millions who have been displaced in Nigeria and throughout the region get the humanitarian and government support that they desperately need.

　　“This,” said Secretary Kerry, “is the way you invest in a future that is free from violence and provides. . .the stability and the peace that [Nigerians] so desperately want.”

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