小升初英語動詞解析

小升初英語動詞解析

　　動詞

　　這里所說的動詞是指各種動詞總稱，其中包括be動詞、情態動詞、助動詞、行為動詞（就是我們平時總說的那種動詞）。動詞、名詞和形容詞不太容易區分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法：

　　先用一（量詞）（如：一個、一張等）和這個詞連起來說，如說得通，一般認為是名詞；說不通再用很去判斷，就是把很和為個詞連起來說，說得通一般就是形容詞；都說不通就是動詞。（目前我們學過的，以后可能不同）（另外一些很明顯的，如人稱代詞、數詞、情態動詞等一下就可以知道）

　　1、be動詞（ am, is, are, was, were ）

　　1）am-was, is -was, are--were

　　口訣：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，所有復數全用are。

　　2）肯定和否定句

　　I am (not) from London.

　　He is(not) a teacher.

　　She is(not) in the dining room.

　　My hair is(not)long. Her eyes are(not) small.

　　3）一般疑問句

　　Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are./ No, you aren't.

　　Are they American? Yes, they are. /No, they aren't.

　　Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. /No, it isn't.

　　4）be動詞的否定形式

　　am not（沒有縮寫形式），are not = aren't ，is not = isn't 。

　　練一練：

　　用恰當的be動詞填空。

　　1、用be動詞的適當形式填空。

　　1）I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.

　　2）The girl______ Jacks sister.

　　3）The dog _______ tall and fat.

　　4）The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.

　　5）______ your brother in the classroom?

　　6）How _______ your father?

　　7）Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.

　　8）Whose dress ______ this?

　　9）Whose socks ______ they?

　　10）Who ______ ?

　　11）The jeans ______ on the desk.

　　12）Here ______ a scarf for you.

　　13）Here ______ some sweaters for you.

　　14）The black gloves ______ for Su Yang.

　　15）This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling.

　　16）The two cups of milk _____ for me.

　　17）Some tea ______ in the glass.

　　18）Gao shans shirt _______ over there.

　　19）My sisters name ______Nancy.

　　20）______ David and Helen from England?

　　21）There ______ a girl in the room.

　　22）There ______ some apples on the tree.

　　23）_______ there any apple juice in the bottle?

　　24）There _______ some bread on the plate.

　　25）You, he and I ______ from China.

　　26）There _______ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.

　　2、助動詞（ do, does, did ）

　　do, does用于一般現在時，其過去式did用于一般過去時。它們通常用在疑問句和否定句中。它們的否定形式：do not = dont, does not = doesnt, did not = didnt。注意：在一般現在時中，does用于第三人稱單數，其余一律用助動詞do；助動詞do, does, did后面一定要用動詞原形。

　　1、用適當的助動詞填空。

　　1) ______you like this magazine?

　　2) The girl______like bread for breakfast.

　　3) ---What ______ she ______ at the weekends? ---She usually plays games with her friends.

　　4) ---Wha______ you do last Sunday? ---I wrote to my friend.

　　5) ---Did you see a Beijing opera? ---No, I ______.

　　6) He ______not visit a farm last National Day holiday.

　　7) They______ not like playing volleyball.

　　8) --- ______Jim have a picnic with his family every Saturday? ---Yes, he .

　　9) ______Helen and Yang Ling go to school on foot every day?

　　10) ---How many kites ______we have? ---We have ten.

　　2、情態動詞

　　情態動詞也是一類特殊的動詞，平時我們不把它說成是動詞。情態動詞可以和行為動詞同時出現在同一個句子中。我們現在學過的情態動詞有：can、could、shall、should、will、would、may、might 、must。注意：情態動詞后動詞總是用原形。（不受其他任何條件影響）其否定形式：can not = can't, must not = mustn't, 注意：may not和shall not（無縮寫形式）

　　練一練：

　　選擇填空。

　　( ) 1) The sign on the wall means you ______stay away from the building.

　　A. must B. can C. shouldnt

　　( ) 2) How many books ______ you see on the desk?

　　A. may B. can C. should

　　( ) 3) It means you ______ make noise in the library.

　　A. should B.should'n C. can

　　( ) 4) --- ______you like a glass of milk? --- Yes, please.

　　A. May B. Could C. Would

　　( ) 5) --- ______you see the sign over there? --- Sorry, I cant.

　　A. Can B. Can C. Should

　　( ) 6) ______ we go to the park by bus?

　　A. May B. Must C. Shall

　　4、行為動詞

　　就是我們平時上課時說的動詞，表示某一動作或行為。如：sweep、live等。行為動詞我們已學過它們的四種形式：原形、第三人稱單數+s/es、現在分詞（也叫動名詞）+ing、過去式+ed。

　　（1）動詞第三人稱單數變化規則：

　　A、一般直接加s，如：play - plays, visit - visits, speak - speaks ；

　　B、以s，x，sh，ch結尾時，加es，如：catch - catches, watch - watches ；

　　C、以輔音字母+y結尾時，變y為i再加es，如：carry - carries, study - studies 。

　　（2）現在分詞（動名詞）構成規則：

　　A、一般直接加ing，如：go - going, do - doing, look - looking ；

　　B、以不發音的e結尾的單詞，去e 加ing，如：take - taking, make - making, have - having ；

　　C、以重讀閉音節結尾的詞，如末尾只有一個輔音字母，需要雙寫這個字母再加ing，如：

　　put - putting, stop - stopping, run - running, get - getting, swim - swimming, sit - sitting, begin - beginning, jog - jogging, forget - forgetting 。

　　（3）過去式構成規則：

　　A、一般直接加ed，如：plant - planted, visit - visited, pick - picked ；

　　B、以不發音字母e結尾，直接加ed，如：like - liked, hope - hoped, taste - tasted ；

　　C、以輔音字母+y結尾時，變y為i再加ed，如：try - tried, carry - carried, study - studied ；

　　D、有些動詞要雙寫最后一個字母，再加ed，如：stop - stopped ；

　　E、還有很多動詞的過去式是不規則的，請記憶：

　　是-am(be)-was-being； 是-are(be)-were-being； 是-be-was, were-being；成為-become-became-becoming； 開始-begin-began-beginning； 彎曲-bend-bent-bending；吹-blow-blew-blowing； 買-buy-bought-buying；

　　能-can-could-；捕捉-catch-caught-catching； 選擇-choose-chose-choosing； 來-come-came-coming；切-cut-cut-cutting；做-do, does-did-doing；畫-draw-drew-drawing；飲-drink-drank-drinking；吃-eat-ate-eating；

　　感覺-feel-felt-feeling；發現-find-found-finding；飛-fly-flew-flying；忘記-forget-forgot-forgetting；得到-get-got-getting；給-give-gave-giving；走-go-went-going；成長-grow-grew-growing；有-have, has-had-having；

　　聽-hear-heard-hearing；受傷-hurt-hurt-hurting；保持-keep-kept-keeping；知道-know-knew-knowing；學習learn-learned, learnt-learning；允許，讓-let-let-letting；躺-lie-lay-lying；制造-make-made-making；可以-may-might----；

　　意味-mean-meant-meaning；會見 -meet-met-meeting；必須-must-must----；放置-put-put-putting；讀-read-read-reading；騎、乘-ride-rode-riding；響、鳴-ring-rang-ringing；跑-run-ran-running；

　　說-say-said-saying；看見-see-saw-seeing；將-shall-should---；

　　唱歌-sing-sang-singing；坐下-sit-sat-sitting；睡覺-sleep-slept-sleeping；說-speak-spoke-speaking；度過-spend-spent-spending 。

　　練一練：

　　1、寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數。

　　drink __________go ____________stay __________make __________look __________have _________

　　pass __________carry __________come ___________watch __________plant _________fly ________

　　study ________brush _________do ___________teach____________ take__________ see__________

　　2、寫出下列動詞的現在分詞。

　　put __________give __________fly _________get ________dance ________sit_________ run ________

　　plant _________take ___________swim _________ask ___________stop __________take _________

　　write __________have __________smoke _________ think__________ want__________ tell__________

　　3、寫出下列動詞的過去式。

　　isam _________fly _______plant ________are ________drink _________play _______go ________

　　make ________does _________dance ________worry ___________ask ________taste _________

　　eat __________draw ________put ______throw ________kick _________pass _______do ________

　　4、用動詞的適當形式填空。

　　（1）I ______to school from Monday to Friday. My brother often _______to school with me. Yesterday we

　　_______to school together. We like ________to school very much. ( go )

　　（2）They usually _______lunch at home. But last week, they ____lunch at school. ( have )

　　（3）That______my English book. It _____new. But now it _____not here. It ______there a moment ago. ( be )

　　（4）My sister likes ________very much. She often _______at our school festival. Last term, she _______a lot of

　　songs in the school hall. She _____beautifully. ( sing )

　　（5）What _____ he usually ______on Sunday? He usually ______his homework. Look!

　　He __________his homework now. ______he _______his homework last Sunday?

　　Yes, he_______. ( do )

　　（6）Do people usually_______ moon cakes at Mid-autumn Festival? Yes, they do. Did you _______moon cakes

　　last Mid-autumn Festival? Yes, I did. I _______a lot of delicious moon cakes. ( eat )

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