大學英語四級語法指導詳解

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大學英語四級語法指導詳解

　　大學英語四級語法指導(1)

大學英語四級語法指導詳解

　　非謂語動詞與獨立主格：短語，句子(或者句子，短語)

　　當短語部分有獨立主語，并且該主語不同于句子主語，這時短語結構稱為獨立主格。(它最明顯的特點是短語部分有獨立的主語)。

　　獨立主格的結構1：名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [現在分詞、過去分詞]

　　現在分詞表示主動的，正在進行的行為;過去分詞表示被動的，已經完成的行為。作題時要通過判斷動作與名詞(代詞)之間的關系來確定是使用現在分詞還是過去分詞。當動作由名詞(代詞)發出時使用現在分詞，而名詞(代詞)是受動者時則用過去分詞。

　　1. Silver is the best conductor of electricity， copper _B_ it closely.

　　A followed B following C to follow D being followed

　　2. All things _A_， the planned trip will have to be called off.

　　A considered B be considered C considering D having considered

　　call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四級中的考點就是現在分詞和過去分詞的區別。

　　獨立主格的結構2：with + 名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [句子當中作狀語]

　　3. After the Arab states won independence， great emphasis was laid on expanding education， with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.

　　A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged

　　as well as 和(相當于and); be encouraged不會考。

　　動詞不定式有預示將來行為的含義。to be encouraged 將要被鼓勵;

　　been encouraged 已經被鼓勵完了，與主句的謂語動詞相對;being encouraged 正在被鼓勵

　　短語部分沒有獨立主語，則短語結構稱為非謂語動詞。

　　非謂語動詞的結構：分詞(分詞短語)

　　句子的主語決定非謂語動詞中的分詞是用主動還是被動形式。如果是句子的主語發出動作，則使用現在分詞;如果動作不是由句子的主語發出，則使用過去分詞。

　　1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.

　　A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed

　　perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;

　　to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;

　　一些特殊的動詞：

　　第一點：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;

　　這兩個詞后加動詞不定式表示將要進行的行為;這兩個詞后加動詞ing形式表示已經做過的事情。

　　注意：動名詞與現在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個詞后加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。

　　forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;

　　remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;

　　2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.

　　A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him

　　offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.

　　him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。

　　大學英語四級語法指導(2)

　　短語部分沒有獨立主語，則短語結構稱為非謂語動詞。

　　非謂語動詞的結構：分詞(分詞短語)

　　1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.

　　A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed

　　perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;

　　to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;

　　一些特殊的動詞：

　　第一點：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;

　　這兩個詞后加動詞不定式表示將要進行的行為;這兩個詞后加動詞ing形式表示已經做過的事情。

　　注意：動名詞與現在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個詞后加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。

　　forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;

　　remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;

　　2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.

　　A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him

　　offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.

　　him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。

　　動名詞的復合結構：凡是一個動詞的后面可以加動名詞，就可以加動名詞的復合結構。

　　動作發出者 + 動名詞;當動作發出者名字給出時：名詞所有格 + 動名詞;當動名詞的復合結構在文章中出現，且動作發出者在前文中提過時：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動名詞。

　　形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。

　　第二點：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。

　　例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.

　　A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut

　　1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.

　　A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected

　　watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;

　　感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do

　　be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。

　　2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.

　　A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

　　give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);

　　give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。

　　3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.

　　A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

　　keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情

　　keep me informed 使我被告知。

　　4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

　　A after which B for which C with which D at which

　　fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。

　　I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩對付她。

　　5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

　　A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward

　　in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續。

　　注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。

　　例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.

　　A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned

　　第三點：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…

　　例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待臺]

　　A making B to make C to have made D having made

　　大學英語四級語法指導(3)

　　動名詞的復合結構：凡是一個動詞的后面可以加動名詞，就可以加動名詞的復合結構。

　　形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。

　　第二點：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。

　　例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.

　　A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut

　　注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。

　　例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.

　　A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned

　　第三點：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…

　　例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待臺]

　　A making B to make C to have made D having made

　　1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.

　　A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected

　　watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;

　　感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do

　　be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。

　　2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.

　　A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

　　give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);

　　give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。

　　3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.

　　A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

　　keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情

　　keep me informed 使我被告知。

　　4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

　　A after which B for which C with which D at which

　　fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。

　　I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩對付她。

　　5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

　　A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward

　　in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續。

　　大學英語四級語法指導(4)

　　1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.

　　A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected

　　watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;

　　感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do

　　be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。

　　2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.

　　A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

　　give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);

　　give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。

　　3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.

　　A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

　　keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情

　　keep me informed 使我被告知。

　　4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

　　A after which B for which C with which D at which

　　fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。

　　I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩對付她。

　　5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

　　A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward

　　in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續。

　　6. I should like to rent a house， modern， comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.

　　A all in all B above all C after all D over all

　　all in all 總而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 畢竟，終究;overall 全面的，總體的

　　in a word 總之，in short 簡而言之，in conclusion 最后，總之，to sum up總之，總而言之。

　　7. _B_ we have finished the course， we shall start doing more revision work.

　　A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now

　　now that 既然，由于(相當于since); ever since 自從…以來。

　　與that搭配且后面可以加句子的幾個表達形式：

　　now that 既然，由于; in that 因為; except that 除…之外。

　　except后面加名詞或代詞;except that后面加句子。

　　8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor’s orders.

　　A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to

　　be attached to 連接，附屬; This school is attached to Beida. 這所學校附屬于北大。

　　responsible to 對…負有責任; resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。

　　be contrary to 與。。相反(相違背)。

　　9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.

　　A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going

　　regret doing 后悔做過某事; regret to do sth. 遺憾的做某事(應用語境非常有限)。

　　10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.

　　A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice

　　out of work 失業; out of reach 夠不著 within reach 夠得著; out of practice 缺乏練習。

　　大學英語四級語法指導(5)

　　1.Mrs. Brown is supposed _A_ for Italy last week.

　　A to have left B to be leaving C to leave D to have been left

　　be supposed to do sth. 應該(理應)做某事。

　　2. He’s watching TV? He’s _D_ to be cleaning his room.

　　A known B considered C regarded D supposed

　　regard as 把…認作

　　3. My camera can be _B_ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.

　　A treated B adjusted C adopted D remedied

　　treat 對待，處理; I’ll treat you. 我請客，應用于真正請客之前。It’s on me. 應用于結帳時。

　　adjust vt. 調整，調節; adopt vt. 收養，領養; remedy vt. 彌補，補救，修正;

　　4. A new technique _C_， the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.

　　A working out B having worked out

　　C having been worked out D to have been worded out

　　yields 產量; work out 作出，推出

　　關于百分數之前介詞的用法

　　increase to 80 percent 增加到80% (增加到用to)

　　increase by 60 percent增加了60% (表示增加的幅度用by)

　　5. Between 1974 and 1997， the number of overseas visitors expanded _A_ 27%.

　　A by B for C to D in

　　1. Children who are over-protected by their parents may become _C_.

　　A hurt B damaged C spoiled D harmed

　　spoil vt. 寵壞，溺愛

　　2. When Mr. Jones gets old， he will _B_ over his business to his son.

　　A take B hand C think D get

　　take over 接管接收; hand over 移交，交出; think over 仔細考慮; get over 克服，戰勝。

　　3. We had a party last month， and it was a lot of fun， so let’s have _A_ one this month.

　　A another B more C the other D other

　　不定代詞：1 兩者中的一個用one;另一個則用the other; 2 很多東西中的一個用one;

　　剩下的所有叫the others; 3 很多東西中的一個用one;剩下的所有里面再拿一個叫another;

　　在剩下的里面再拿一個還叫another(單數概念); 4 很多東西中拿了若干出來用some;

　　剩下所有叫others; other 后通常要加可數名詞的復數形式; more 要用在數詞的后面

　　once more 再來一個(用于很不正式的場合) vravo 再來一個(用于正式場合)

　　4. No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to _A_.

　　A the other B any other C another D other

　　neither 兩者中任意一者都不

　　5. It was difficult to guess what her _B_ to the news would be.

　　A impression B reaction C comment D opinion

　　reaction n. 反應; reaction to 對…作出反應

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