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新概念英語(yǔ)課后練習(xí)及語(yǔ)法總結(jié)
一.不定式
1.定義：具有名詞、形容詞及副詞性質(zhì)并具有時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)變化。
2.形式：(以do為例)
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
一般時(shí) to do to be done
進(jìn)行時(shí) to be doing
完成時(shí) to have done to have been done
完成進(jìn)行時(shí) to have been doing
3.用法：
(1)用作主語(yǔ)：
To speak good English is not easy.
or: It is not easy to speak good English.
(采用形式主語(yǔ) it 以避免頭重腳輕)
It took me an hour to do the work.
(2)用作賓語(yǔ)：
She decided to take the examination.
I hope to meet him soon.
(3)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：
They expected us to help them.
Hewants his son to study hard.
金牌重點(diǎn)：
不定式作賓補(bǔ)，如謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是感官動(dòng)詞，使役性動(dòng)詞(see, hear, notice, watch, make, have, let...)，則不定式符號(hào)“to”須省略，但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不能省。
I heard them sing in the classroom.
I made her clean the room.
The girl is heard to sing an English song.
(4)用作表語(yǔ)：To teach is to learn.
His job is to sell cars.
(5)用作狀語(yǔ)，表示目的，結(jié)果。
We come to school to study English.(目的)
= in order to
I hurried to the store, only to find it closed.(結(jié)果)
(6)定語(yǔ)：不定式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)須位于名詞之后。
He asked for a piece of paper to write it on.
= to write it on the piece of paper.
The poor man has no house to live in.
= to live in the house.
Have you anything to do?
= to do anything
4.不定式的時(shí)態(tài)意義：
She seems to dance very well.(現(xiàn)在情況)
She seems to be dancing in the dancing hall.(正在進(jìn)行)
She seems to have danced well.(過(guò)去情況)
Has was happy to have been staying with his uncle.(動(dòng)作持續(xù)一段時(shí)間)
5.不定式語(yǔ)態(tài)：
The doctor recommended him to air the room.
The doctor recommended the room to be aired.
She expects the police to find her bicycle.
She expects her bicycle to be found by the police.
She felt a bit puzzled as he had asked her such a question.
She felt a bit puzzled to have been asked such a question.
6.不定式否定形式：not to do ...
He got up early in order not to miss the train.
練習(xí)題
1. Did you find out ________ the pie out of oven?
A. to take B. have taken C. when to take D. being taken
2. You would be irritated if you watched the mail ________ on your desk every day.
A. putting up B. to be put up C. to pile up D. pile up
3. We shall set Jim ________ the passage.
A. explaining B. explained C. to explain D. explain
4. In fact, she would rather leave for San Francisco ________ in Los Angeles.
A. tostay B. than stay C. than staying D. than have stayed
5. Madame Curies is believed ________ the radium.
A. discovering B. having discovered C. to have discovered D. to discover
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