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談談職稱英語單詞的記憶法
一、結合記憶法
將比較生疏，不常用的單詞放入一定的語言環境——句子中，結合句意來記憶單詞。遇到此單詞時，若詞義忘記，則可通過回憶所在句子的意思來記憶單詞。例如：
slope
n. ①傾斜;坡度;斜度
There is always a certain slope in a ship's deck. 船的甲板總有幾分傾斜。
②斜面;斜坡
We climbed the steep slope of the hill. 我們爬了那座陡峭的斜坡。
vi. 傾斜。
The railroad slopes up slightly at this point. 鐵路在此處有輕微的傾斜。
critical
adj. ①批評(性)的，吹毛求疵的
I don't like people who are too critical about everything. 我不喜歡對每件事都太吹毛求疵的人。
②緊要的，關鍵的;危急的
His condition is reported as being very critical. 據報告他的情況非常危急。
通過此法來掌握詞匯，既有助于記住單詞本身的拼寫、拼讀，又可同時熟悉詞的詞義、詞性、用法和搭配，比孤立地背記單詞效果要好。
二、同類記憶法
將同類詞匯收集在一起，同時背記。注意，同類詞匯與同義詞不同：同義詞是指意思相同，而同類詞是指基本屬性相同、具體意義的層次，級別或范圍不同的一類詞匯。
如headmaster和principal是同義詞，都表示，“中小學校長”;president和chancellor是同義詞，都表示大專院校“校長”。這兩組詞是同類詞匯，都表示“校長”，但具體級別不同，所以兩組詞不是同義詞。
再如bachelor(學士)、master(碩士),doctor (博士)三個詞都表示學位授予的情況，但具體級別不同，所以這三個詞也是一組同類詞匯。
這樣，將同類詞匯放在一起記憶，當遇到其中一個詞時，頭腦中出現的就是一組詞，效率大大提高了。
三、比較記憶法
把同義詞或形似詞放在一起，加以區別。記憶的過程是一組組，一對對單詞同時記憶。職稱英語中有很大一部分都是對同義詞或近義詞的考察，需要平時進行記憶和積累。
例題1：The researchers have just completed a study of driving situations.(2004年職稱英語衛生類C級)
A. started
B. finished
C. changed
D. made
答案：B
例題2：Michael is now merely a good friend.(2004年職稱英語衛生類C級)
A. largely
B. possibly
C. just
D. rarely
答案：C
Merely/ only/ just
四、構詞法記憶法
通過掌握構詞法來記憶單詞。英語主要有三種構詞法：
1)轉化，即由一個詞類轉化為另一個詞類。例如：
picture (n)畫-picture (v)描繪
water (n)水-water (v)澆水
例題1： He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and conduct. (2003年職稱英語衛生類C級)
A. behavior
B. style
C. mode
D. attitude
答案：A
解釋：
Conduct (v.)引導，管理，為人，傳導
Conduct (n.)操守，行為
Conductor (n.)列車員，售票員，指揮者，導體等
Semi-conductor 半導體
例題2：The ice is not thick enough to bear the weight of a tank.(2004年職稱英語衛生類C級)
A. suffer
B. accept
C. receive
D. endure
答案：D
解釋：
bear (n.)熊
bear (v.)負擔, 忍受, 帶給, 具有, 擠
2)派生，即通過加前綴或后綴構成另一個詞，例如：
happy→ unhappy(加前綴) happiness(加后綴)
例題1： The workers in that factory manufacture furniture. (2003年職稱英語衛生類C級)
A. promote
B. paint
C. polish
D. produce
答案：D
例題2： Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is a still needed. (2003年職稱英語衛生類C級)
A. mental
B. physical
C. natural
D. hard
答案：B
man-, manu- =hand
manage(管理)， manual(體力的，手冊)， manuscript(手寫稿)， manufacture(生產)， manumit(釋放)
例題3：About one million Americans are diagnosed，annually with skin cancer. (2004年職稱英語衛生類C級)
A. every year
B. severely
C. actively
D. every month
答案：A
Ann= year
Anniversaire (French)
Anniversary, annals(編年史), annuity(年金)
3)合成，即由兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞。例如：
wood(木)+cut(刻)→ woodcut(木刻)
pea(豌豆)+nuts(堅果)→ peanut(花生)
例題1： In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed. (2003年職稱英語衛生類C級)
A. judgement
B. result
C. decision
D. event
答案：B
五、根義記憶法
利用根義代替記憶多義，可以解決“沒有生詞”卻老讀不懂的問題。
比如要問immediate(ly)是否已記住，回答當然是肯定的。那么就請看下面三個“沒有生詞”的片段：
a) The woman walks immediately behind the car.
b) She is my immediate neighbor.
c) the immediate cause
若沒有讀懂，那么就請看immediate(ly)根義
中間沒有間隔(地)
1)(時間)立刻;
2)(空間)緊挨，通接，緊跟，
3)(關系)直接
例題1：He will leave immediately. (2005職稱英語用書)
A. far away
B. right away
C. right here
D. soon
答案：B
例題2：Can you follow the plot? (2003年職稱英語衛生類C級)
A. change
B. investigate
C. understand
D. write
答案：C
請看下面幾句中的follow 分別都是什么意思?
She went into the building, followed by a group of students.
The teacher says that everybody should follow the rule here.
I'm sorry, but I can't follow you.
六、幾組對容易混淆詞進行特別記憶
(1)有些字可當形容詞又可當副詞,例如： early; past; half; long; straight; fast; hard; quick; deep; slow; pretty; awful; wrong; right; high; late; hourly; early; weekly; etc.
We had an early breakfast. (形容詞)
We went by a fast train. (形容詞)
We had breakfast early. (副詞)
Don't speak so fast.(副詞)
(2)有些形容詞變為副詞, 可在字尾加ly, 也可以不加, 不過在字義上不同。
(A) easy “安適地”; easily “容易地”：
Stand easy!
He's not easily satisfied.
(B) clear ( = completely “完全地”; clearly“顯然地”;)
The bullet went clear through the door.
The thieves got clearly away.
(C) high “高”; highly “很;非常”;
The birds are flying high.
He was highly praised for his work.
(D) Slow 和 slowly當副詞時同義, 但 slow比 slowly語氣強.
I told the driver to go slow(er).
Drive slowly round these bends in the road.
(E) hard “辛苦地”; hardly “幾乎不”;
He works hard. (= He is a hard worker.)
He hardly does anything nowadays. (= He does very little nowadays.)
(F) just “剛才;僅”; justly “公正地”;
I've just seen him.
He was justly punished.
(G) late “遲”; lately (= recently)“最近地”;
He went to bed late.
I haven't seen Mr. Green lately.
(H) Pretty (= fairly, moderately)“十分，頗”; prettily (= in a pretty way, attractively)“漂亮地”;
The situation seems pretty hopeless.
She was prettily dressed.
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