if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句的用法
虛擬條件句是指不能實(shí)現(xiàn)或純假想的情況，可以對(duì)過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)進(jìn)行假想。我們可以記住這樣一個(gè)原則，即把時(shí)態(tài)向過(guò)去推一格。接下來(lái)由小編為大家整理出if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句的用法，僅供參考，希望能夠幫助到大家！
一、分清是虛擬語(yǔ)氣還是真實(shí)語(yǔ)氣
所謂虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，不是客觀存在的事實(shí)，而是說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望、假設(shè)或推測(cè)。
遇到if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，首先，你應(yīng)分清是真實(shí)條件句還是虛擬條件句。如果假設(shè)的情況是有可能發(fā)生的，就是真實(shí)條件句；如果假設(shè)的情況是過(guò)去或現(xiàn)在都不存在的，或?qū)?lái)也不大可能發(fā)生的，則是虛擬條件句。如：
1.If it is fine tomorrow , I’ll go outing .（真實(shí)條件句）
2.If you had come here yesterday , you would have seen him.（虛擬條件句）
二、分清虛擬的具體時(shí)間
對(duì)于if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句，結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，主、從句，都得用虛擬，所以針對(duì)不同的句子，首先，你應(yīng)根據(jù)主、從句判斷是對(duì)何種時(shí)間的虛擬，即：現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去、還是將來(lái)，然后針對(duì)不同的時(shí)間，主、從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，用與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的形式。為了掌握不同時(shí)間的虛擬，請(qǐng)大家掌握下面的表格。
動(dòng)詞形式
時(shí)間 從句 主句
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（be的過(guò)去式一般用were） Would
Should +動(dòng)詞原形
Could
might
與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 Had+過(guò)去分詞 Would
Should +have+過(guò)去分詞
Could
might
與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式/should+動(dòng)詞原形 Were to +動(dòng)詞原形 Would
Should
Could +動(dòng)詞原形
might
e.g.1. 現(xiàn)在：If I were you,I should tell him the news.
2.過(guò)去：If I had had the money last week, I should have bought a car.
3.將來(lái)：If it were Sunday tomorrow,I should go to see my grandfather.
三、混合虛擬條件句
有時(shí)主從句時(shí)間不一致，針對(duì)這種情況主從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)各按各的的情況，如：
1.If you had listened to the doctor ,you would be all right now.（從句是對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，主句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬）
2.If you had practiced speaking English more, you would be able to speak it fluently.(從句是對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，主句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬)
四、省略if的虛擬條件句
在if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中，如果從句中有were，had 或should,可以省略if,把這幾個(gè)詞放在主語(yǔ)之前，構(gòu)成主謂倒裝。(注意；省略連詞if的倒裝形式，其句首不能用助動(dòng)詞的縮略否定形式)
1.Were I you ,I Would not help him.
2.Were it not for you ,I would go to Beijing.（此句中not不前移。不能說(shuō)Were not it for you ,I would go to Beijing.)
3.Should it rain ,the crops would be saved.
4.Had he been here , everything would have been all right.
總之，if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句是一個(gè)重點(diǎn)也是一個(gè)難點(diǎn)，需要多做練習(xí)才能加以鞏固，熟練掌握。
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