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隱喻理論在漢語(yǔ)花喻中的研究
摘要：隱喻研究一直是語(yǔ)言學(xué)家關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。在傳統(tǒng)研究中，隱喻被認(rèn)為是一種語(yǔ)言修辭手段。隨著研究的深入，語(yǔ)言學(xué)家逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到隱喻是一種重要的認(rèn)知工具。萊柯夫[微軟用戶1] （1980）等學(xué)者的概念隱喻理論指出隱喻是從一個(gè)具體的概念域（始源域）到一個(gè)抽象的概念域（目標(biāo)域）的系統(tǒng)映射，是一種基于身體體驗(yàn)的認(rèn)知機(jī)制，普遍存在于人們的語(yǔ)言和生活中。隱喻研究熱的興起也引發(fā)了語(yǔ)言學(xué)家對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)喻的深入研究，在認(rèn)知思潮的影響下，學(xué)者們認(rèn)識(shí)到轉(zhuǎn)喻不僅是修辭手段，更是一種重要的認(rèn)知機(jī)制。萊柯夫指出轉(zhuǎn)喻是在同一個(gè)“理想化認(rèn)知模型”（ICM）內(nèi)用一個(gè)事物代替另一個(gè)事物的認(rèn)知過(guò)程。盡管在原則上概念隱喻和概念轉(zhuǎn)喻是不同的認(rèn)知過(guò)程，但他們并不是彼此互不兼容的。目前，隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻間的相互作用在語(yǔ)言學(xué)家中已獲廣泛認(rèn)可。其中古森斯[微軟用戶2] 分析了轉(zhuǎn)喻和隱喻融合的方式，并稱之為“隱轉(zhuǎn)喻”，為后續(xù)相關(guān)研究提供了范本。本文以概念隱喻理論、概念轉(zhuǎn)喻理論和隱轉(zhuǎn)喻理論為依據(jù)，對(duì)《紅樓夢(mèng)》中的花喻進(jìn)行嘗試性研究，試圖更系統(tǒng)地對(duì)其花隱喻、花轉(zhuǎn)喻以及花隱轉(zhuǎn)喻進(jìn)行歸納分析，并闡釋其認(rèn)知運(yùn)作過(guò)程。我們采用語(yǔ)料庫(kù)的研究方法，從《紅樓夢(mèng)》中收集了三百多例花喻，并對(duì)這些花喻進(jìn)行詳細(xì)地歸類分析，從認(rèn)知角度探討花作為源域向人類和其他目標(biāo)域的投射過(guò)程以及研究這些漢語(yǔ)花喻表達(dá)式的經(jīng)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)和在作品中的具體體現(xiàn)。本文通過(guò)對(duì)漢語(yǔ)花喻的研究分析，一方面為三種理論提供跨文化和跨語(yǔ)言的證據(jù)，另一方面描繪了《紅樓夢(mèng)》中的花喻特征，為理解和欣賞這部文學(xué)巨著提供新的認(rèn)知視角。關(guān)鍵詞：概念隱喻；概念轉(zhuǎn)喻；隱轉(zhuǎn)喻；花喻；《紅樓夢(mèng)》AbstractMetaphor has long been a centre topic for linguistic scholars. Traditionally, it has been viewed as a pure rhetorical device; however, as research in this realm deepens, linguists have come to regard metaphor as an indispensable conceptual tool. According to Lakoff’s Conceptual Metaphor Theory, metaphor, as “cross-domain mapping between a concrete domain and an abstract domain”, is an embodied cognitive mechanism pervasive in our daily lives and languages. Metaphormania, to some extent, draws the attention of some linguists to further researches on metonymy. Influenced by the predominant cognitive paradigm, scholars have begun to view metonymy not merely as a linguistic ornament, but another essential cognitive mechanism. L[微軟用戶3] akoff claims that metonymy is a cognitive process in which one entity is used to stand for another entity within a single “Idealized Cognitive Model” (ICM). Although, in principle, metaphor and metonymy are distinct cognitive processes, they are in fact not mutually exclusive. Up to now, interaction between metaphor and metonymy has become widely accepted among linguists. For example, Goossens analyses the ways metaphor and metonymy can interact, captured in the term metaphtonymy, shedding light on future research in this regard.This thesis is an attempt to analyze the phenomenon of Flower Metaphors used in A Dream of Red Mansions within the framework of Conceptual Metaphor Theory, Conceptual Metonymy Theory and metaphtonymy approach so as to find out a relatively well-defined and systematic criterion for classifying Flower Metaphors and to explain their cognitive operating processes. It is an analysis of about one hundred and two samples of Flower Metaphors taken from A Dream of Red Mansions by adopting a corpus-based approach. Special attention has been paid to the mapping process from the source domain to the target domain, and also to the experiential grounding of those metaphorical expression_rs and to their realizations in A Dream of Red Mansions.The present research, which is based on the data of one hundred and two Flower Metaphors[微軟用戶4] in A Dream of Red Mansions, provides multicultural and multilingual evidence to enrich and verify the above-mentioned three [微軟用戶5] theories. In addition, it offers us a cognitive perspective in understanding and appreciating the masterpiece[微軟用戶6] .Key words: Conceptual Metaphor Theory; Conceptual Metonymy Theory; metaphtonymy; Flower Metaphors; A Dream of Red Mansions--------------------------------------------------------------------------------[微軟用戶1]不譯？[微軟用戶2]？[微軟用戶3]間隔大了[微軟用戶4]大寫？[微軟用戶5]位置不對(duì)[微軟用戶6]this … and perhaps other literary works with flower metaphors論文出處(作者):Yang Lu
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