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淺談《遠大前程》中的二元對立手法
畢業論文
Abstract
Great Expectation is regarded as one of Charles Dickens’ best novels, and it is also a book written in his late period. After all kinds of life experiences, his attitudes toward people and life changed a lot. Most of his mature thoughts collect in this book. In Great Expectation, Dickens creates his memorable personages by means of several techniques.
Starting from a technique named binary opposition used in evaluating literary works, this paper shows a detailed analysis about how binary opposition is applied for depicting characters, environment and creating plots in this story. It begins with explaining the term “binary opposition”, which is a pair of terms differentiated by their opposition to one another. Then it analyses binary opposition in characters such as Pip’s being a narrator and a character, Wemmick’ s cold-blooded and warm-hearted, Miss Havisham’ s cruelty and mercifulness, and in certain surroundings like Joe’s forge—a bright place and Miss Havisham’ s Satis House—a dark place. There is also binary opposition in creating plots. In the end, it concludes that by using the technique of binary opposition, the book achieves its expected effects.
Key words: Charles Dickens; Great Expectation;
binary opposition; character
摘 要
《遠大前程》被認為是狄更斯最有名的作品之1。是他比較晚期的作品。狄更斯在經歷了豐富的人間生活后，對人，對周圍環境，對自己的生活經歷都有了深刻的認識，他的生活態度也隨之發生了很大的變化。而所有他成熟的思想認識都被認為匯總在此書中。在《遠大前程》這本書中，狄更斯運用多種文學技巧刻畫了許多令人難忘的藝術形象。
本文擬從文學批評的2元對立出發，對小說中人物，環境以及情節刻畫的2元對立作具體探討。首先，對2元對立這個術語作了具體解釋。所謂2元對立,是指在任1系統中1對差異項的確定,并在此基礎上對某種價值進行分析.然后，詳細分析了人物的2元對立. 比如皮普作為故事述說者和故事主人公的對立, 文米克性格中的冷血和熱心的對立, 郝薇香小姐的殘忍和仁慈的對立. 人物所處的具體環境如喬的鐵匠鋪作為1個光明的象征和郝薇香小姐的沙堤斯宅作為1個陰暗象征的2元對立，以及文章的主要情節刻畫中的2元對立。最后，總結運用2元對立手法所達到的使故事結構既分離又緊湊,人物塑造既對立又統1的效果。
關鍵詞：狄更斯；遠大前程； 2元對立； 人物
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