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論西歐殖民擴張對世界地區(qū)聯(lián)系的影響
畢業(yè)論文
Abstract
After Columbus discovered America in 1492, Spain and Portugal first established a colony overseas. But during the end of sixteenth century and the beginning of seventeenth century, the Netherlands, France, and Britain engaged in the colonial expansion. They not only replaced the superior position of Spain and Portugal, but also fought for maritime overlord. At last Britain won the victory. The western countries’ colonial expansion was the colonialist’s plundering process. According to these countries’ plundering and wringing every ounce of sweat and blood out of the colonial people, the capitalism of western European countries was forging rapidly ahead. Therefore these countries’ expansion accelerated the arrival of Industrial Revolution. At the same time the great majority of eastern countries closed the country to international intercourse. They satisfied with their present situation and didn’t make progress. So the western countries’ superior position was established. And the eastern countries were fall behind them. During this period, the relationship among different regions all over the world became closer. The economic communication among these regions was reinforced. The global balance was changed. And the world’s political relationship had a basically change. The communication of global culture was also closer than before. All of these changes laid a foundation for people to establish a closer world.
Key words: colonial expansion；seven Years’ War； superior position； world regions’ connection； economic communication；global balance； global culture
摘 要
通過對英法7年戰(zhàn)爭（1756—1763）的分析，我們清楚的認識到英法爭奪殖民地戰(zhàn)爭的實質(zhì)。殖民戰(zhàn)爭對世界的影響是巨大的。它給廣大殖民地人民帶來了巨大的災(zāi)難和苦痛。18世紀(jì)中期，西方世界的優(yōu)勢日趨形成，殖民擴張在客觀上加強了世界各地區(qū)之間的聯(lián)系。
首先，在經(jīng)濟方面：① 殖民戰(zhàn)爭導(dǎo)致了人口的重新分布。如白人滲入南非，美洲人種的巨大變化等。② 殖民戰(zhàn)爭促進了世界動植物的交流。③ 密切了世界地區(qū)間的經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系，出現(xiàn)了全球性的經(jīng)濟關(guān)系。如“3角貿(mào)易”的繁榮。④ 國際分工的第1次大規(guī)模地實現(xiàn)。如美洲、東歐生產(chǎn)原料，非洲提供勞動力，亞洲提供奢侈品，而西歐指揮全球性的貿(mào)易集中工業(yè)生產(chǎn)。
其次，在政治方面：全球均勢發(fā)生了較大的變化，全球的政治關(guān)系發(fā)生了基本變化，西歐列強崛起。
再次，在文化方面：①殖民戰(zhàn)爭密切了新大陸與英國本土文化的關(guān)系。②使不同的文化對待西歐文化有了不同的態(tài)度。③加速了歐洲文化與中國文化的交流。
因此，文章通過對經(jīng)濟、政治、文化等多方面的分析，認識到殖民戰(zhàn)爭在客觀上加強了世界地區(qū)間的聯(lián)系。這1觀點能使人們更加全面的認識殖民擴張的結(jié)果，有助于人們更加深刻、系統(tǒng)的認識殖民戰(zhàn)爭對世界各地區(qū)的重大影響。
關(guān)鍵詞：殖民擴張；7年戰(zhàn)爭；優(yōu)勢地位；世界地區(qū)聯(lián)系；
經(jīng)濟交流；世界均勢；全球文化
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