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追溯父親的心理歷程-論《我的父親》中虛擬的自我
畢業(yè)論文
Abstract
Doris Lessing was born of British parents in Persia (now Iran) in 1919, whose father lost a leg in World War I and had taken a job in the Imperial Bank of Persia. When she was 5 years old, her family moved to Southern Rhodesia, where she stayed for 25 years. In 1949, she moved to England, where she now lives, in northwest London. Doris Lessing has described her childhood as an uneven mix of some pleasure and much pain. Her early years were spent absorbing her father’s bitter memories of World War I, taken in as a kind of “poison.” “We are all made by war.” Lessing has written, “twisted and warped by war, but we seem to forget it.” She writes about naiveté and has a vivid style.
Her autobiographical essay, My Father (1963), provides a sense of the terrible nostalgia and regret which her father experiences for his youth, that is, his life before the First World War. Doris Lessing’s self-representational writing is a form of psychoanalysis or psychotherapy because she uses the position of author to act as psychoanalyst and character simultaneously. A dialogic process thus develops both between Lessing as author and Lessing as character, and between Lessing’s fictive selves, which exist in a variety of self-representational texts.
At the very beginning of the essay, the author emphasized the “true” in the article. In order to reach it, she created a fictive self, that is, Lessing makes herself to come closer to what her father experiences. In addition, she applied the writing way in which fiction resembles psychoanalysis, a learning experience, which is therapeutic.
Key words: self-representation; fictive self; selfhood; reminiscences;
psychoanalysis; anguish
摘 要
朵麗絲•萊辛1919年出生于波斯（今伊朗）。她的父母是英國(guó)人。1戰(zhàn)時(shí)，她父親失去了1條腿，隨后在波斯的皇家銀行工作。在她5歲時(shí)，他們家搬到了羅德西亞南部，在那里1住就是25年。1949年，萊辛移居英格蘭，在倫敦的西北部安了家，現(xiàn)在還住在那里。在她的作品中，萊辛對(duì)自己童年的描述總是夾雜著些許的快樂(lè)與無(wú)盡痛苦。在她的早期生活中，父親總是對(duì)她灌輸1戰(zhàn)中的那些苦澀經(jīng)歷，如同給她服毒藥1樣。萊辛曾寫(xiě)道：“我們都是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的產(chǎn)物。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)困擾著我們，扭曲了人性，而我們似乎要把它忘卻了。”
她的作品言辭純真無(wú)邪，風(fēng)格生動(dòng)活潑。《我的父親》是她的1篇自傳體散文，寫(xiě)于1963年。作品中流露出1種濃濃的懷舊之情，追憶了其父親年青時(shí)代 的生活經(jīng)歷，也就是他1戰(zhàn)前的生活。萊辛自我表達(dá)的寫(xiě)作方式是心理分析或心理治療的1種形式，因?yàn)樗?個(gè)作者的身份同時(shí)扮演著心理分析家和文中人物的雙重角色。因此，對(duì)白的過(guò)程是在作為作者的萊辛和作為文中人物的她之間進(jìn)行的，或是在萊辛那些虛擬的自我間進(jìn)行的。而在萊辛的各種自我表現(xiàn)的文章中，都有存在著虛擬的自我。
在本文的開(kāi)頭，作者強(qiáng)調(diào)它是真實(shí)的。為了達(dá)到這個(gè)目的，她創(chuàng)造了1個(gè)虛擬的自我，以便讓自己與父親的經(jīng)歷靠得更近。另外，她還應(yīng)用了1種讓小說(shuō)類似心理分析的寫(xiě)作手法，描述1個(gè)心理治療式的心靈體驗(yàn)過(guò)程。
關(guān)鍵詞：自我表現(xiàn)；虛擬的自我；自我；回憶；心理分析；痛苦
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